Most civil engineering construction projects are completed to time and
budget but few get publicity for it. More often building projects are
reported as exceeding time or budget because a building has to cater for
the diverse needs of the many users of the building which can be
difficult to forecast or may change as construction proceeds. In civil
engineering the principal hazards come from the need to deal with below
ground conditions, make structures out of re-assembled soils or rocks,
and to cater for the forces of impounded or flowing water. The
construction of roads, railways, tunnels, bridges, pipelines, dams,
harbours, canals and river training measures, flood and sea defences,
must all be tailored to the conditions found on site as construction
proceeds because it is not possible to foresee such conditions in every
detail beforehand.
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